Reckless extravagance has, for decades, provided an outward manifestation of American ambitions, impulses and aversion. In our own time, it has increasingly become an expression of domestic dysfunction—an attempt to manage or defer coming to terms with contradictions besetting the American way of life. Those contradictions have found their ultimate expression in the perpetual state of turbulence afflicting the United States today.
Gauging the implications of our veracious need for more requires that we acknowledge its source: It reflects the accumulated detritus of freedom, the by-products of our frantic pursuit of life, liberty, and happiness.
Freedom is the altar at which Americans worship, whatever our nominal religious persuasion. “No one sings odes to liberty as the final end of life with greater fervor than Americans,” the theologian Reinhold Niebuhr once observed. In our public discourse, freedom is not so much a word or even a value as an incantation, its very mention is enough to stifle doubt and terminate all debate.
This heedless worship of freedom has been a mixed blessing. In our pursuit of freedom, we have accrued obligations and piled up debts that we are increasingly hard-pressed to meet. Freedom itself has undercut the nation’s ability to fulfill its commitments. We teeter precariously on the edge of insolvency, desperately trying to balance accounts by relying on our presumably invincible government.
Freedom is not static, nor is it necessarily benign. In practice, freedom constantly evolves and in doing so generates new requirements and abolishes old constraints. In many respects, Americans are freer today than ever before, with more citizens than ever before enjoying unencumbered access to the promise of American life.
Today no less than in 1776, a passion for life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness remains at the center of America’s civic theology. The Jeffersonian trinity summarizes our common inheritance, defines our aspirations, and provides the touchstone for our influence abroad.
Yet if Americans still cherish the sentiments contained in Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence, we have over time radically revised our understanding of those “inalienable rights.” Today individual Americans use their freedom to do many worthy things. Some read, write, paint, sculpt, compose and perform music. Others build, restore, and preserve. Still others attend plays, concerts, and sporting events, visit their local multiplexes, IM each other incessantly, and join “communities” of the like-minded in an ever-growing array of social networking sites. They also pursue innumerable hobbies, worship, tithe, and in commendably large numbers, attend to the needs of the less fortunate. Yet none of these affairs exclusively defines what it means to be an American in the 21st century.
If one were to choose a single word to characterize that identity, it would have to be more. For the majority of contemporary Americans, the essence of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness centers on a relentless personal quest to acquire, to consume, to indulge, and to shed whatever constraints might interfere with those endeavors. A bumper sticker, a sardonic motto and a charge dating from the age of Woodstock have recast the Jeffersonian trinity in modern vernacular: “Everything in excess! To enjoy the flavor of life, take big bites. Moderation is for monks.”
The reinterpretation of freedom has had a transformative impact on our society and culture. That transformation has produced a paradoxical legacy. As individuals, our appetites and expectations have grown exponentially. The collective capacity of our domestic economy to satisfy those appetites has not kept pace with demand. As a result, sustaining our pursuit of life, liberty and happiness at home requires increasingly that Americans look beyond our borders. Whether the issue at hand is oil, credit, or the availability of cheap consumer goods, we expect the world to accommodate the American way of life.
As America’s appetite for freedom has grown, so too has our penchant for empire. The connection between these two tendencies is a casual one. In an earlier age, Americans saw empire as the antithesis of freedom. Today, empire has seemingly become a prerequisite of freedom.
There is a further paradox: The actual exercise of American freedom is no longer conductive to generating the power required to establish and maintain an imperial order. If anything, the reverse is true: Centered on consumption and individual autonomy, the exercise of freedom is contributing to the gradual erosion of our national power. At precisely the moment when the ability to wield power has become the sine qua non for preserving American freedom, our reserves of power are being depleted.
American power has limits and is inadequate to the ambitions to which hubris and sanctimony have given rise. We need to reassert control over our own destiny, ending our condition of dependency and abandoning our imperial delusions. We, as individuals, must reexamine exactly what freedom entails so as to fulfill the dreams of our forefathers. The onus of responsibility falls squarely on the citizenry of this great nation.
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